How vulnerable are Europe’s energy grids to cyber or physical disruption?

Europe's energy infrastructure is becoming increasingly complex as countries expand renewable energy capacity, adopt digital grid management, and build cross-border interconnections.

At the same time, concerns about cyber threats, infrastructure sabotage, and geopolitical instability have placed grid resilience under greater scrutiny.

Power outages can quickly cascade into wider disruptions affecting communications, transport, healthcare, and financial systems.

How resilient do you believe Europe's energy grids currently are?

What measures should governments and infrastructure operators prioritise to strengthen resilience against both cyber and physical threats?