The pillars of information security are principles which are designed to protect users data, by ensuring only authorized users access certain data, timely access to data in any situation and maintain data accuracy.

Core principles of information security

1. Confidentiality: This ensures that sensitive data is only accessible by authorized individuals, through methods like; encryption, multi factor authentication, digital signatures, e. t. c.
2. Integrity: This ensures that data remains accurate and consistent during storage or transmission.
3. Availability: It ensures that authorized users have timely access to data and resources.
4. Authenticity: It verifies the identity of users and devices ensuring that data originates from a trusted source.
5. Non-repudiation: This gives proof of the data's origin to ensure integrity of the data, ensuring a user cannot deny receiving or sending a message.

Cryptography is the use of mathematical ways or algorithms to help convert data into unreadable text, ensuring confidentiality, integrity, authentication, availability and non repudiation. It is also the science which involves the protecting or securing of data and information using encoding techniques to ensure the core principles of cryptography are followed.

Techniques:

1. Symmetrical encryption —Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption.

2. Asymmetrical encryption —Uses a public key encryption and a private key for decryption.

3. Hash function — Deals with the creation of a unique fixed length string of characters (digital fingerprint)from data to verify integrity, with no decryption key.

It has been applied in modern life through various applications like SSL, digital signatures, password protection, e. t. c.

In conclusion:

The introduction of cryptography into cybersecurity has helped secure users data from being used for wrong things, as data collected from all around are now connected to the cloud, which can give one access to various peoples information. So with the introduction of encryption via cryptography, we can ensure that our information or data can't be read or used even when stolen.