1. The Need for IPv6 RIR IPv6 Exhaustion Dates — You already know that IPv4 is running out of addresses. That is why you need to learn about IPv6. IPv6 is designed to be the successor to IPv6. IPv6 has a larger 128-bit address space, providing 340 undecillion possible addresses. However, IPv6 is more than just larger addresses. When the IETF began its development of a successor to IPv4, it used this opportunity to fix the limitations if IPv4 and include enhancements.
  2. IOT (Internet of things) — The internet of today is significantly different than the internet of past decades. The internet of today is more than email, web pages, and file transfers between computers. The evolving internet is becoming an Internet of Things. No longer will the only devices accessing the internet be computers, tablets, and smartphones. With an increasing internet population, a limited IPv4 address space, issues with NAT and the IoT, the time has come to begin the transmission to IPv6.
  3. IPv4 and IPv6 Coexistence There is no specific date to move to IPv6. Both IPv4 and IPv6 will coexist in the near future and the transition will take several years. The IETF has created various protocols and tools to help network administrators migrate their networks to IPv6. The migration techniques can be divided into three categories: → Dual Stack — Dual stack allows IPv4 and IPv6 to coexist on the same network segment. Dual stack devices run both IPv4 and IPv6 protocol stacks simultaneously. →Tunneling — Tunneling is a method of transporting an IPv6 packet over an IPv4 network. The IPv6 packet is encapsulated inside an IP4 packet, similar to other types of data. →Translation — Network Address Translation 64(NAT64) allows IPv6-enabled devices to communicate with IPv4-enabled devices using a translation technique similar to NAT for IPv4.
  4. "The main driver or most important factor for IPv6 is the depletion of the IPv4 address space."
  5. "The correct answer is false. All of the five RIRs, ARIN, APNIC, LACNIC, AFRI NIC, and RIPE NCC have exhausted their IPv4address pools."
  6. "Only dual stack uses native IPv6 connectivity."
  7. Hexadecimal Number System — Before you dive into IPv6 addressing, it's important that you know that IPv6 addresses are represented using hexadecimal numbers. This base sixteen number system uses the digit 0 to 9 and the letters A to F: 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F In IPv6 addresses, these 16 digits are represented as hextets allowing us to represent these massive addresses in a much more readable format.
  8. IPv6 Addressing Formats 16 — bit Segments or Hextets The first step to learning about IPv6 in networks is to understand the way an IPv6 address is written and formatted. IPv6 addresses are much larger than IPv4 addresses, which is why we are unlikely to run out of them. IPv6 addresses are 128 bits in length and written as a string of hexadecimal values. Every four bits represented by a single hexadecimal digit; for a total of 32 hexadecimal values. IPv6 addresses are not case-sensitive and can be written in either lowercase or uppercase. → Rule 1 — Omit Leading Zeros: The first rule to help reduce the notation of IPv6 addresses is to omit any leading 0s in any hextet. Here are four examples of ways to omit leading zeros: — 01ab can be represented as 1ab — 09f0 can be represented as 9f0 — 0a00 can be represented as a00 — 00ab can be represented as ab This rule only applies to leading 0s, NOT to trailing 0s, otherwise the address would be ambiguous. →Rule 2-— Double Colon: The second rule to help reduce the notation of IPv6 addresses is that a double colon(::) can replace any single, contiguous string of one or more 16-bit hextets consisting string of all zeros. The double colon(::) can only be used once within an address, otherwise there would be more than one possible resulting address. When used with the omitting leading 0s technique, the notation of IPv6 can often be greatly reduced. This is commonly known as the compressed format.