WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ..

WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED ..

What is Ethical Hacking? Ethical hacking is legally and intentionally testing systems (networks, apps, servers) to find security weaknesses before bad hackers do. 👉 Key point: Permission is everything. No permission = illegal. Types of Hackers White Hat — Ethical hackers (good guys) Black Hat — Malicious hackers (criminals) Gray Hat — In between (danger zone ⚠️) Script Kiddies — Use tools without understanding Hacktivists — Hack for political/social reasons Core Phases of Ethical Hacking Every ethical hack usually follows this flow:

1. Reconnaissance (Information Gathering) Collecting data about the target. IP addresses Domain info Emails, technologies used 🛠 Example: Google dorking, WHOIS
2. Scanning Finding open doors. Open ports Running services Vulnerabilities 🛠 Example: Nmap
3. Gaining Access Exploiting vulnerabilities to enter. Weak passwords SQL Injection Unpatched software
4. Maintaining Access Checking how long access can be kept. Backdoors Privilege escalation
5. Covering Tracks (Ethical version) Understanding how attackers hide activity (You report this, not do it secretly) Fundamental Concepts You MUST Know Networking Basics IP address MAC address TCP/IP, UDP DNS, HTTP/HTTPS Ports (80, 443, 22, etc.) Operating Systems Linux (VERY important 🐧) Windows internals File systems & permissions Web Basics HTML, CSS, JavaScript How websites work Client vs Server Common Attacks You Should Understand Phishing Brute force attacks Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) SQL Injection Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Malware & ransomware basics Ethical Hacking Tools (Intro level) Kali Linux Nmap Burp Suite Metasploit Wireshark ⚠️ Tools are useless without concepts — learn theory first. Laws & Ethics (VERY IMPORTANT) Always have written permission Follow scope limitations Never test random websites Respect privacy & data Beginner Learning Path Networking basics Linux fundamentals Web technologies Cybersecurity basics Ethical hacking concepts Hands-on labs (TryHackMe, Hack The Box) Certifications for Future CEH (Certified Ethical Hacker) CompTIA Security+ OSCP (advanced level 🔥)

ALSO WE HAVE LEARNED LINUX COMMANDS ..

📂 File & Directory Commands Copy code Bash pwd # Show current directory ls # List files ls -la # List all files with details cd folder # Change directory cd .. # Go back one directory mkdir dir # Create directory rmdir dir # Remove empty directory rm file # Delete file rm -r dir # Delete directory cp a b # Copy file mv a b # Move / rename file 📄 File Viewing & Editing Copy code Bash cat file # Show file content less file # Scroll file more file # View file page-wise nano file # Edit file (easy) vi file # Edit file (advanced) head file # First 10 lines tail file # Last 10 lines tail -f file # Live file monitoring 🔍 Search & Find Copy code Bash find / -name file # Find file locate file # Fast search grep "text" file # Search text in file grep -r "text" dir # Recursive search 📦 File Permissions & Ownership Copy code Bash chmod 755 file # Change permissions chown user file # Change owner ls -l # View permissions 🖥 System Information Copy code Bash uname -a # System info hostname # Host name whoami # Current user id # User ID info uptime # System running time df -h # Disk usage free -h # RAM usage top # Running processes htop # Better top (if installed) 🌐 Networking Commands Copy code Bash ip a # IP address ping google.com netstat -tuln ss -tuln traceroute site.com curl site.com wget link 📦 Package Management